:root {
  --purple: #7700e7;
  --medpurple: #b86dff;
  --lightpurple: #eeecff;
  --darkpurple: #3e0079;
  --darkred: #7F0036;
  --green: #DCE317;
  --lightaqua: hsl(157.5deg 78.4% 76.13% / 41%);
  --lightgray: #e0e0e0;
  --gray: #C0C0C0;
  --darkgray: #333;
  --medgray: #656465;
  --navy: #17050F;
  --blue: #082840;
  --white: #fff;
  --padding-n: 1rem;
}

* {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}


html,
body {
  font: 100%/1.5 'DM Sans', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
  padding: 0 1rem 0 1rem;
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--darkgray);
  background-color: var(--white);
}

.grid--home {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(28rem, 3fr) minmax(12rem, 1fr) ;
  grid-template-rows: minmax(100vh, 1fr);
  grid-gap: 1rem;
  margin-top: 1.2rem;
}

.container {
  max-width: 75rem;
  width: 100%;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 1rem 0;
}

header {
  color: var(--purple);
}

h1 
h2,
h3,
h4,
.nav {
  font-family: 'DM Sans', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
}


h1 {
  font-size: 3.4rem;
  line-height: 1.25;
  text-wrap: balance;
  max-width: 64rem;
}

h2 {
  font-size: 2.2rem;
  line-height: 1.25;
  text-wrap: balance;
  max-width: 36ch;
}

h3 {
  font-size: 1.6rem;
  line-height: 1.25;
}

h4 {
  font-size: 1.2rem;
  font-style: italic;
}

* + h1,
* + h2,
* + h3
{
  margin-top: 2.4rem;
}

h2 + h3
{
  margin-top: 1.2rem;
}

h3 + h4 {
  margin-top: .6rem;
}

h1 + p,
h2 + p,
h3 + p,
pre + p {
  margin-top: 1.2rem;
}

h4 + p {
  margin-top: .2rem;
}

p,
hr {
  margin-bottom: 1.2rem;
}


blockquote {
  border-left: 6px solid var(--lightpurple);
  color: var(--medgray);
  font-size: .9rem;
  padding-left: 1.2rem;
}

.blog-post ul,
.blog-post ol {
  margin: 1.2rem 0 1.2rem 2.4rem;
}

.blog-post h4 + ul {
  margin-top: .2rem;
}

p,
.tmpl-post li {
  max-width: 42rem;
  width: 100%;
}

.tmpl-post li {  
  padding-right: 1.2rem;
}


img {
  max-width: 42rem;
  width: 100%;
  margin-top: 1.2rem;
  padding-right: 0;
}

p,
.tmpl-post li {
  line-height: 1.65;
}

a,
.postlist-item a {
  color: var(--purple);
}

.postlist-item a:hover {
  color: var(--darkpurple);
}

a:visited,
.postlist-item a:visited {
  color: var(--purple);
}

main {
  padding: 0;
  position: relative;
  min-height: 100vh;
  width: 100%;
}

main :first-child {
  margin-top: 0;
}

.sidebar {
  margin: 1rem 0;
}


.blogpost h4 p {
  margin-top: .6rem;
}

.blog-post__date {
  margin: 1.2rem 0 2.4rem 0;
  font-weight: bold;
  font-size: 1.2rem;
}



hr {
  margin-top: 1.2rem;
}

.reference {
  font-size: .8rem;
  font-style: italic;
}

pre,
code {
  font-family: Consolas, Menlo, Monaco, "Andale Mono WT", "Andale Mono", "Lucida Console", "Lucida Sans Typewriter", "DejaVu Sans Mono", "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Liberation Mono", "Nimbus Mono L", "Courier New", Courier, monospace;
  line-height: 1.5;
  background-color: var(--lightpurple);
}

pre {
  max-width: 42rem;
  font-size: 14px;
  line-height: 1.375;
  direction: ltr;
  text-align: left;
  white-space: pre-wrap;
  word-spacing: normal;
  word-break: normal;
  -moz-tab-size: 2;
  -o-tab-size: 2;
  tab-size: 2;
  -webkit-hyphens: none;
  -moz-hyphens: none;
  -ms-hyphens: none;
  hyphens: none;
  padding: 1em;
  margin: .5em 0;
  background-color: var(--lightpurple);
}

.highlight-line {
  display: block;
  padding: 0.125em 1em;
  text-decoration: none; /* override del, ins, mark defaults */
  color: inherit; /* override del, ins, mark defaults */
}

/* allow highlighting empty lines */
.highlight-line:empty:before {
  content: " ";
}
/* avoid double line breaks when using display: block; */
.highlight-line + br {
  display: none;
}

.highlight-line-isdir {
  color: #b0b0b0;
  background-color: #222;
}

.highlight-line-active {
  background-color: #444;
  background-color: hsla(0, 0%, 27%, .8);
}
.highlight-line-add {
  background-color: #45844b;
}
.highlight-line-remove {
  background-color: #902f2f;
}

/* Header */

header p {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.home {
  font-size: 1.6rem; /* 16px /16 */
  line-height: 2.4rem;
}

.home :link:not(:hover) {
  text-decoration: none;
}

.header-alignment {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
}

.h1-small {
  font-size: 1.3rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  flex: 1 0 250px;
}

/* Nav */

nav {
  flex: 1 0 auto;
}

.nav {
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
  text-transform: capitalize;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: end;
}

.nav a,
.nav > .nav-item .nav-item-active a[href] {
  color: var(--darkgrey);
}

.nav-item {
  display: block;
  margin-left: 1rem;
  line-height: 1.3;
}

.nav-item a[href]:not(:hover) {
  text-decoration: none;
}

.nav-item-active a {
  background-color: var(--lightpurple);
}

/* Hero */

.hero {
  display: flex;
  color: var(--white);
  padding: 0;
  border-top-right-radius: 30px;
  border-bottom-left-radius: 30px;
  background: url(/img/bg-grid2.svg) repeat;
  background-size: 12px 12px;
  background-color: var(--medpurple);
}

.header-subhead {
  font-size: 2.2rem;
  margin: 0;
  line-height: 1.2;
  padding: 2rem 2rem 2rem 2.4rem;
}

.intro {
  color: var(--medgray);
}

.intro h2 {
  margin-top: 0;
  max-width: 36ch;
  font-weight: 400;
}

/* Sidebar */

.sidebar-book {
  display: block;
}

.sidebar-book img {
  margin-top: 0;
  padding-right: 0;
  max-width: 19rem;
}

.sidebar-book img:hover {
  opacity: .6;
}

.book-cta {
  font-size: 1rem;
  margin: 0.6rem 0 .6rem 0;
  line-height: 1.3;
  background-color: var(--lightaqua);
  color: var(--darkgray);
  text-align: center;
  border-radius: 5px;
  padding: .5rem;
}

.book-cta a {
  color: var(--darkgray);
}

.amazon-flex {
  text-align: center;
}

.amazon-ads img {
  padding-right: 0;
}

/* Posts list */
.postlist {
  list-style: none;
  padding: 0;
  margin-top: 2rem;
}

.postlist-item {
  counter-increment: start-from -1;
}

.postlist-date,
.postlist-item:before {
  font-size: 0.8125em; /* 13px /16 */
  color: var(--darkgray);
}

.postlist-date {
  word-spacing: -0.5px;
}

.postlist-link {
  display: inline-block;
  padding: 0.25em 0;
}

.postlist-item-active .postlist-link {
  font-weight: bold;
}

.tmpl-home {
  max-width: 42rem;
  width: 100%;
}

.tmpl-home .postlist-link {
  font-size: 1.2rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  max-width: 48ch;
}

/* Codepen Container */

.codepen-container {
  max-width: 48rem;
  padding-bottom: 2.4rem;
}

.youtube-container {
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 48rem;
  height: 100%;
}

/* Table */

table {
  border-collapse: collapse;
  margin-top: 1.2rem;
  margin-bottom: 1.2rem;
}

th, td {
  border: 1px solid #666;
  padding: .4rem;
}

thead {
    background-color: hsl(271deg 70% 90%);
}

th {
  width: 33%;
}

td {
  font-size: .8rem;
  vertical-align: top;
}



/* Tags */
.tag {
  display: inline-block;
  vertical-align: text-top;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  font-size: 0.625em; /* 10px /16 */
  padding: 2px 4px;
  margin-left: .5rem;
  background-color: hsl(0deg 0% 78.4% / 41%);
  color: var(--darkgray);
  border-radius: 0.25em; /* 3px /12 */
  text-decoration: none;
}

a[href].tag,
a[href].tag:visited {
  color: var(--darkgray);
}

/* Utils */
.sr-only {
  position: absolute;
  width: 1px;
  height: 1px;
  padding: 0;
  margin: -1px;
  overflow: hidden;
  clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0);
  white-space: nowrap;
  border-width: 0;
}

/* Pagination */
.pagination {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: flex-start;
  margin: 2.4rem 0;
}

.pagination ul {
  display: inline-flex;
  gap: 1rem;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  position: relative;
  list-style-type: none;
}

.pagination li::before {
  content: "\200B"; /* add zero-width space */
}

.pagination .inactive {
  opacity: 0.5;
}

/*.pagination :is(.next, .previous) {
  position: absolute;
}*/

.pagination .next {
  left: calc(100% + 1rem);
}

.pagination .previous {
  right: calc(100% + 1rem);
}

.pagination [aria-current] {
  color: var(--purple);
  text-decoration: underline;
}



/* Direct Links / Markdown Headers */
.direct-link {
  display: none;
  font-family: sans-serif;
  text-decoration: none;
  font-style: normal;
  margin-left: .1em;
}

a[href].direct-link,
a[href].direct-link:visited {
  color: transparent;
}

a[href].direct-link:focus,
a[href].direct-link:focus:visited,
:hover > a[href].direct-link,
:hover > a[href].direct-link:visited {
  color: #aaa;
}

:is(.pagination, .blog-post) a {
  color: var(--purple);
  font-weight: bold;

  /* original link animation 
  background: linear-gradient(rgba(119, 0, 231, 0.3), rgba(119, 0, 231, 0.3));
  background-size: 100% 0.5rem;
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  background-position: left 0 bottom 0;
  text-decoration: none;
   */
   transition: all 0.1s linear 0s;
}

:is(.pagination, .blog-post) a:hover {
  /*background-size: 100% 100%; animation code */
  color: var(--darkgray);
}

:is(.pagination, .blog-post) ul li a {
  color: var(--purple);
  background: none;
}

:is(.pagination, .blog-post) ul li a:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
}

.codepen {
  max-width: 42rem;
  margin-top: 1.2rem;
}

.time-tags-layout {
  margin: 0 0 1.2rem 0;
}

.carbon-ads {
  margin-top: 2rem;
}



/* Tag Page */

.tag-group {
  margin-top: 2.4rem;
}

/* Ads */

#carbonads {
  font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu,
  Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
}

#carbonads {
  display: flex;
  min-width: 130px;
  max-width: 100%;
  background-color: hsl(0, 0%, 98%);
  color: var(--darkgray);
}

#carbonads a {
  text-decoration: none;
  text-align: center;
  color: var(--darkgray);
}

#carbonads a:hover {
  color: #17050F ;
}

#carbonads span {
  position: relative;
  display: block;
  overflow: hidden;
  text-align: center;
  width: 100%;
}

.carbon-img {
  display: block;
  margin: 0;
  line-height: 1;
}

.carbon-img img {
  display: block;
  min-width: 130px;
  width: 100%;
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.carbon-text {
  display: block;
  font-size: 13px;
  padding: 10px;
  line-height: 1.5;
  text-align: left;
}

.carbon-poweredby {
  display: block;
  padding: 8px 10px;
  background: repeating-linear-gradient(-45deg, transparent, transparent 5px, hsla(0, 0%, 0%, .025) 5px, hsla(0, 0%, 0%, .025) 10px) hsla(203, 11%, 95%, .4);
  text-align: center;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: .5px;
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 9px;
  line-height: 1;
}

footer {
  grid-column: 1 / 3;
  margin-top: 4.8rem;
  font-size: .8rem;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
}


.affiliate {
  max-width: 36rem;
}

@media (max-width: 64em) {
  .header-alignment {
    flex-wrap: wrap;
  }

  nav {
    margin-top: 1.2rem;
  }

  nav .nav-item {
    margin-left: 0;
    margin-right: 1rem;
    margin-bottom: .5rem
  }
}

@media (max-width: 48em) {

  .grid--home {
      display: flex;
      flex-wrap: wrap;
  }

  header h1 {
    font-size: 3.2rem;
  }

  h1 {
    font-size: 2.2rem;
  }

  h2 {
    font-size: 1.8rem;
  }

  h3 {
    font-size: 1.6rem;
  }

  header {
      flex: 1;
      width: 100%;
      margin-bottom: 0;
  }

  main {
    max-width: 75rem;
    width: 100%;
  }

  .header-subhead {
    font-size: 1.2rem;
  }

  .hero {
    display: block;
  }

  .header-alignment {
    flex-wrap: wrap;
  }

  .sidebar {
    max-width: 27rem;
    padding: 0;
  }

  nav {
    flex: 1 1 auto;
  }

  .nav {
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    justify-content: start;
  }

  nav .nav-item {
    display: inline-block;
  }

  main {
    padding: 0;
  }

  pre {
    font-size: 12px;
    max-width: 34rem;
  }

  footer {
    flex-wrap: wrap;
  }

  .affiliate {
    padding-bottom: 1.2rem;
  }

}